Business and Employment Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2849 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Cause and effect essay Tags: Employment Essay Did you like this example? End of Chapter Questions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Business and Employment Law Week One Page 32, question 5: Is the hospital correct? What additional information might you wish to know to answer this question? The classification of an employee and independent contractor is brought up in the case of Wojewski versus Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc. (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The text defines an independent contractor as a person who contracts with a business to perform a specific task, but has complete control over how the process is completed. The business has little to no input over the procedures an independent contractor uses to complete their work. In most cases, the liability lies with the independent contractor, not the business if a claim is made (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). An independent contractor is also typically paid in a lump sum by the job and is responsible for paying all related taxes (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Unlike an independent contractor, an employer has a lot more control over an employee. Employees typically receive a great deal more instruction on how to complete tasks related to their jobs, have specific work hours, completes work at the employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business location, use equipment provided by the employer, and is paid by the hour, week, or month (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The employer is responsible for withholding and paying Social Security, IRS federal income, and state taxes as well as federal unemployment compensation (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). An employer will most likely offer benefits to employees such as paid time off, 401K retirement plans, and medical and dental insurance, all of which are not offered to independent contractors (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The text references several tests that are used to define an employee and independent contractor which include the common-law agency test, IRS 20-factor analysis, and the economic real ities test (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The initial conclusion based on the information provided in the text is that the hospital is not correct in claiming that Wojewski is an independent contractor. The information provided points to several factors that indicate Wojewski is an employee of the hospital. Once of the main factors in concluding that he is an employee is the amount of control the hospital had over his work. The hospital required that his work be supervised by another doctor. Wojewski was also required to attend mandatory therapy sessions, submit to competency tests, take only prescribed medication, agree to random drug testing, and take required vacations (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). If Wojewski was indeed an independent contractor, the hospital would not be able to impose these types of restrictions on his work. This conclusion is also supported by several factors listed on the IRS 20-factor analysis including instructions, work performed on employer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premises, furnishing of tools and materials, oral or written reports, and right to discharge (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Wojewski should be able to move forward with his claim of disability discrimination, as long as bipolar disorder is covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act. However, the initial conclusion is proved false after reading the case file. The file provided additional information such as Wojewski leased separate office space and hired, paid and maintained his own staff of administrators, nurses, and physicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assistants (Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 2006). The additional information also revealed that Dr. Wojewski billed his patients directly and received payments directly from his patients. The hospital had no involvement in billing patients or paying Dr. Wojewskià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s for his services completed at their facility (Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 2006). The hospital also did not withhold taxes for Wojewski, issue a W-2 or 1099, or provide any benefits such as health or malpractice insurance to the doctor (Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 2006). All of the details included in this additional information correctly points to Dr. Wojewski as being an independent contractor, not an employee of the hospital. The additional information included in the case file also help to clear up the issue of the control the hospital implemented over Wojewski. It was this control that initially classified him as an employee. The case file clarified that the control placed on Dr. Wojewski was personal control, not control over how he completed his work (Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 2006). The hospital had the right to impose personal controls over Dr. Wojewski in order to safeguard patient safety and avoid liability in the instance of a lawsuit. Wojewski still had full control over the way he worked and performed operations (Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 2006). Dr. Wojewski, as an independent contractor, is not able to make a claim of disability discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act because he is not an employee of the hospital. The following additional information would have been helpful in answering the question. Define staff privileges. This would have been helpful to determine if Wojewski received benefits from the hospital. To what extent is bipolar disorder covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act? Describe what is meant by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“acute episodeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? Was a patient seriously injured? Is the hospital considered an agency of the United States government or fully owned by the United States government? This may have changed the outcome of the case. Page 82, question 6: Does the employee have a claim? In the case of Bonidy versus Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, the plaintiff a terminated employee makes a claim against the defendant , the dental company (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). At-will employment and the Health Care Worker Whistleblower Protection Act need to be explored before making an informed decision. At-will employment is when and an employer and an employee do not have a contractual agreement in place. This arrangement allows either party to end the work relationship at any time, and for almost any reason. An employer is not legally allowed to terminate an employee for discriminatory reasons such as race, gender, religion, national origin, age, or disability (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). There are a few occasions when at-will employment is superseded or does not apply. For example, if an individual contract or a collective bargaining agreement in place between an employer and employee, the contract or agreement takes priority over at-will employment (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Government workers are exempt from at-will employment, instead other rules and regulations regulate the employee/employer relationship at this level (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). One question that is case brings up is whether the new policy the employer implemented is considered part of an employment contract or not. If the policy is considered a contract, the employee may have a case for her claim. If this is an at-will employment relationship, the employer can fire any of their employees for any reason as long as it is within the law (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Another topic to consider in this case is if the new policy implemented is in violation of public policy. Abuses of public policy happen when an employee is fired for refusing to break the law for their employer, exercising a legal right or duty, or reporting violations of acts by the employer (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The conclusion based on information provided by the text is that this is an at-will employment situation and the employer was free to let go this employee without further explanation. There were no infringements of public policy because the new rule stating employees cannot leave the dental office except to use the restroom is not illegal. The other factor to consider in this case is the Health Care Worker Whistleblower Protection Act. This act guards health care workers from harassment, demotion, and dismissal for filing complaints about the condition of their place of work. The act also protects the employee from retaliation from reporting on inappropriate patient care or harsh business practices (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The text points out that Colorado where this case occurred is a state that only offers whistleblower protection to its own state or local government employees (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). However, it was the husband of the employee, not the employee themselves who was the whistleblower in this case. At first glance it looked as if the employee may have a claim using retaliatory discharge because her employment was terminat ed soon after her husband claimed the office was in violation of state laws (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). But, it was not the employee who made the complaint, so retaliatory discharge might be hard to prove. The preliminary conclusion based on the information from the text is that the employee does not have a claim because they had an at-will employment relationship with their employer. Although it may seem harsh to dictate that your employees cannot the leave the premises of the business for any reason except to go to the restroom, this is not illegal. The employer was within their legal rights to terminate the employment of their employee without further explanation. The Health Care Whistleblower Protection Act also does not apply in this case because the employer did nothing criminal. The conclusion has changed after reading the full details of the case. The first ruling in this case was awarded to the dental office. The case was appealed and the second ruling went in favor of the plaintiff based on wrongful termination in violation of public policy (Bonidy v. Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 2010). The employer was in violation of Colorado Wage Order Number 22, when they imposed the new policy. The wage law states, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Employees shall be entitled to an uninterrupted and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"duty freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ meal period of at least a thirty-minute duration when the scheduled work shift exceeds five hours. Every employer should authorize and permit rest periods, which, insofar as practicable, shall be in the middle of each four (4) hour work period. A compensated ten (10) minute rest period for each four (4) hour or major fractions thereof shall be permitted for all employees.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bonidy v. Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 2010). An at-will employment situation was verified between Debbie Bonidy, the employee who was fired and Dr. Harding, her employer. Ultimately, the wage law is considere d public policy, so this allows an at-will employee to bring a claim for unlawful termination (Bonidy v. Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 2010). It was also revealed that the court concluded that Bonidyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s husband acted on her behalf by sending the email in the first place, and Dr. Harding believed this to be true as well (Bonidy v. Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 2010). Page 127, question 9: Will the court do so? Explain. At first glance, this case seems to have a lot of merit. Laurie falls under many protected classes such as age, gender, and sexual orientation. She is fired from United Airlines at the age of forty. But, after reading the text, the outcome is clear. Yes, the court will dismiss the case on the basis that she does not live in the United States (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Laurie is a French national, not a United States citizen, so she is not covered by the U.S. employment protection laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 did expand on coverage of Title VII to U.S. citizens working for U.S. companies abroad (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). Although Laurie does work for a U.S. company, she is not a U.S. citizen and therefore exempt from U.S. laws. As the text points out, if Laurie worked at a United Airlines hub within the U.S. she would be covered and protected by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and Title VII (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). However, she may have a claim using French employment laws. An interesting fact uncovered during research on French employment laws states that unlike the United States, France does not practice at-will employment (James, 2012). French law mandates that employers can only terminate employment for two reasons. First, reasons that involve the employee, such as lack of skill or ability to complete work, bad behavior, or not showing up to work for an extended period of time. The second reason is linked to monetary problems experienced by the employer which wil l presumably last into the future (James, 2012). For instance, if the company is forced to downsize in order to stay in business. The original conclusion is proved true when the details of the case are revealed. The claim was dismissed due to the fact that RabÃÆ' ©is a French national and not a United States citizen who was employed by United Airlines outside of the United States (James, 2012). The fact that RabÃÆ' ©had an individual employment contract with United may help her case if she makes a claim in France, who again does not have at-will employment. In order to fire RabÃÆ' ©, United will need to prove that she in violation of the first reason a French employer can fire an employee mentioned in the paragraph above. Page 188, question 7: Who is correct? A polygraph is a device that can detect assumed lies based on biological reactions such as rate and deepness of breathing, heart rate, and perspiration (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The accuracy rate has be en found to be between 90-50 percent, which points to the validity of using such tests on employees. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act was created to help guard employees from illegal use of polygraphs in employment situations (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The Employee Polygraph Protection Act states that an employer is restricted from doing the following. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1. Directly or indirectly require, request, suggest, or cause any employee to take or submit to any lie detector test. 2. Use, accept, refer to, or inquire about the results of any lie detector test of any job applicant or current employee. 3. Discharge, discipline, discriminate against, or deny employment or promotion to any prospective or current employee who refuses, declines, or fails to take or submit to a lie detector test or who fails such a test.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). There are some exceptions to these rules that include private employers who provide security ser vices as the bulk of their business and federal, state, and local government employees. The stipulation includes private consultants under contract to the Department of Defense (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). However, there are rules that private employers must follow in order to use polygraphs on their employees. The four rules include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1.The test must be administered in connection with a workplace theft or incident investigation. 2. The employee must have had reasonable access to the missing property or loss incurred. 3. The employer must have reasonable suspicion that this particular employee was involved. 4. The employee must have been given written information regarding the basis for the investigation and for the suspicion that she or he is involved.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). The first thought given the information provided by the text is that since Transtecs is contracted under the Department of Defense, they are excluded from th e coverage of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. Transtecs does have a right to use a polygraph to help determine which employee opened the mail because it fits most of the four criteria private employers must utilize in order to perform polygraphs. The only questionable item is if the company provided written notification regarding why they were requesting a polygraph from their employees (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2012). But, the view has changed after reading the full details for the case. It turns out that Transtecs is not covered by the exemption status as a government employer because immunity applies only the federal government (Polkey v. Transtecs Corporation, 2005). Transtecs employees were covered under the Under the Employee Polygraph Protection Act because the company is considered a private employer. Another factor in the reversal of opinion is Transtecs not being able to meet all four categories for private employers to be able to use polygraphs on their emplo yees. They did in fact provide written notice to their employees, but the distinction here is that the notice did not include information about the mail incident or the reason for testing each employee (Polkey v. Transtecs Corporation, 2005). The case also reveals a difference between the terms employee and examinee. An examinee is a person who actually agrees to take the test. Only examinees are required by law to receive written notice when a polygraph is being used (Polkey v. Transtecs Corporation, 2005). Transtecs was not required to provide written notice since Polkey declined to take the test. The information also discloses that the company fails to provide adequate details that it meets the requirements of reasonable suspicion. The case notes referenced the following passage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Access to the property and potential opportunity, standing alone, cannot constitute reasonable suspicionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Polkey v. Transtecs Corporation, 2005). Therefore, judgment was ma de in favor of the plaintiff, Polkey. References Polkey v. Transtecs Corporation, 04-14949 (United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit March 29, 2005). Wojewski v. Rapid City Regional Hospital Inc, 05-2952 (United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit June 9, 2006). Bonidy v. Vail Valley Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 09CA0602 (Colorado Court of Appeals, Div. I March 18, 2010). RabÃÆ' © v. United Airlines Inc., 09-3300 (United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit February 28, 2011). Bennett-Alexander, D. D., Hartman, L. P. (2012). Employment Law for Buisness. New York: McGraw-Hill. James, R. (2012, June 12). https://www.businessweekly.co.uk/export-to/europe/14173-employment-law-guide-france. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from Business Weekly UK: https://www.businessweekly.co.uk/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business and Employment Law" essay for you Create order

Case Law and Forensic Science - 1725 Words

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Case Law and Forensic Science Case Law and Forensic Science The Frye Standard had been the base by which expert testimony was introduced in federal courts until the Supreme Court case of Daubert vs. Merrel Dow Pharmaceuticals in 1993. The Daubert Standard would come to replace the Frye Standard in federal court. Although state would not be held by that standard they would follow suit by looking toward federal case law in decisions involving expert testimony. â€Å"If scientific or technical knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or determine a fact, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training or education, may testify thereto in the†¦show more content†¦In the same sense the concealment of evidence, any form of guilt, of deception would also have the same effect therefore raising a defendant’s blood pressure which supposedly corresponds with the struggle of concealing evidence within the defendants mind. Theoretically if a defendant is telling the truth there should b e no rise in the systolic blood pressure since it is considered spontaneous and does not require conscious effort of concealment. Therefore the test combined with expert witness testimony to assert the or translate and explain the readings was able to help convict the defendant in the case of Frye and the United States setting a standard for the introduction of expert witness testimony (G.J. Annas 1994). The rule for the Frye standard is witnesses that are experts or skilled may present their opinions as admissible evidence in cases whereas an inexperienced person may not have the ability to provide the right judgment in cases involving science, arts or a trade which requires expert or experienced individuals to explain and understand the intricacies of said science, trade or art. 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Forensics is used in place of forensic science in modern times and is considered to be an effective synonym for â€Å"legal† or â€Å"related to courts†Read MoreForensic Science Technician: I would like to be a Forensic Science Technician, simply because I1600 Words   |  7 PagesForensic Science Technician: I would like to be a Forensic Science Technician, simply because I find this kind of stuff interesting. A Forensic Science Technician does many things. Four things they do are run ballistics tests on guns to find the one used in a bank robbery; collect evidence from a crime scene to help understand the chain of events; match DNA samples to reunite a long lost child to his/her family; and solve a crime by matching fingerprints at the crime scene to a suspect. One of theRead MoreForensic Science And The Law Enforcement Field1288 Words   |  6 Pagestoward the law enforcement field is whether or not forensic science should be trusted when presented as evidence in a court case. Some people believe that forensic science has evolved well enough and has now become a legitimate way to know what happened during a crime. Other people believe that it is an inaccurate method of determining what happened during a crime and that it is not appropriate to present as evidence and should rely on ot her methods instead. One of the definitions of forensic scienceRead MoreCsi Effect Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing rapidly and many techniques have been created over the years in order to solve major crimes. Forensics science is one of the many techniques that have been created. Forensics is the use of science and technology to investigate and establish facts in criminal courts of law (free-dictionary, n.d). But there is an upcoming issue which involves the exaggerated details of forensics science. This paper explores the CSI Effect, compares and contrasts criminalistics which involves the nature of

Motivation Essay

Question: Write an Essay on Motivation. Answer: Introduction It is believed that the overall productivity of employees depends on the motivation level of employees. Therefore, it is important that the organizations should develop a culture where employees can work with high productivity levels. The Maslow hierarchy suggests that people can have different needs and likewise the motivation factors could also differ for different employees. The organizational leaders should be able to realize the motivation drivers for employees at different levels. It is correctly said that employees are an organizations best assets and without motivated employees, organizations cannot achieve their overall objectives. The objective of this paper is to analyze and discuss the impact of motivation on organizational effectiveness. Analysis It would be correct to say that communication and leadership play an enormous role in keeping employees motivated and this does affect productivity. As relayed in the textbook, Daft (2013) explains not only does effective communication lead to better bottom-line results, but also managers spend 80 percent of the day in communication with others. It is up to the manager to know what method of communication will offer the clearest understanding. The manager is also responsible for engaging the team and providing a strategic vision that motivates them. By asking questions and seeking clarity managers can not only build trust and critical thinking skills, but they can also get people to accept responsibility for solving problems (Daft, 2013). In recent times, organizations and leaders have realized that it is still easy to manage the team in a local region or small company. Motivating virtual teams is a difficult challenge because every team member has responsibilities but not all team members are invested as others this leaves the members that are truly invested in the team willing to go the extra to pick up any slack. By rotating responsibility for planning and setting goals individuals become more invested in the team. Different approaches work on different people. It is important that a leader must be firm and have conviction, but also flexible to adjust to different situations and personalities. A leader should have many tools at his disposal and pull out the appropriate tool at the appropriate time. The foundation of the leadership is built on relationships between the leaders and the subordinates (Dion, 2012). These relationships are two-way streets with mutual respect and communication that is open and honest; thi s helps establish strong ties between the leader and the subordinates. Virtual teams can optimize their work together by learning how to use a variety of electronic communication media strategically. In an organizational setting, motivation of employees would also depend on the abilities of leaders to keep employees motivated. In recent times, leaders have started to focus on value-based leadership to keep employees motivated. According to Trevio, Brown, and Hartman (2003), it is critical for leaders to have deeply instilled values and beliefs in order to mold organizational culture where employees can have high productivity levels. However, in addition to strong individualized codes of ethics, leaders must utilize an effective communication strategy and rewards system to promote ethical culture among organizational members. Leaders develop context for personnel within the organizational structure by communicating a clear, concise vision of expectations (Schneider, Ehrhart, Macey, 2013). Value based leadership enables leaders to effectively cultivate ethical organizational cultures. Value focused leadership corrects many of the potentially detrimental effects of high-paced commu nication and technology by bringing valued focus to organizational culture and empowering organizations to take ethically correct courses of action even when it would be more profitable to do otherwise (Mody Mody, 2012). It is believed that there has to be some type of structure within an organization and the leadership to enhance the motivating moral of the employees. The leader and manager must believe in his or her team they just as the team has to have their backs he must have theirs. It is believed that this is the path to take to building motivation between within a team, which brings on innovation. In an organizational setting, employees can work with high motivation level only when employees are involved in the organizational planning, stage. Planning would involve more of a management role such as metrics, numbers and graphs. However the leadership and innovation role is just as important. Using innovation to create the necessary motivation to get staff to work to a goal is important (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). This is where leadership and innovation come into play. A leader must be able to understand what makes his/her team go and then be able to execute the plan to achieve that goal. Being able to connect with employees helps to earn employees respect and foster good working relationships. Creating new ways to get to know employees and getting employees to know one another and work better together are innovative ideas to help increase morale and potentially the collaboration from the team members.It is important to keep employees motivated so that they can give their best to the job. When they (employees) are motivated on a personal level, they seem to work harder and are more readily adaptable to change and innovations throughout the business. Plucknette (2014) identifies it is important to engage and motivate them to help achieve personal and business goals, as that is something my organization also teaches. Practicing conscious capitalism is the idea of motivating employees from the inside and naturally developing, the difference being that a corporation looks with in for its decision and motivation of their ethical practices, instead of being pushed to make ethical decision based on external action and therefore being reactive to situations (Legaula, 2012). It is important for organizations and leaders to keep employees motivated so that organization can achieve its goals and objectives. The impact on an organizations management tactics while applying ethics from conscious capitalism is that the management tactics start to impact employees on all levels, customers and society as it drives value, shows that corporations are interdependent and an ever changing system (Legaula, 2012). The impact on these manager tactics is development, training, outlook and decision-making, which can them lead employees to further success within an organization (Legaula, 2012). Conclusion With the above discussion it can be said that motivating the employees and engaging them is most effective when it is done consistently, and not just in times of change. It can be said that the motivation level of employees has a direct impact on organizational effectiveness. The employees can work with 100% commitment and dedication only when they are motivates enough. Therefore, motivation of the employees is a direct driver of organizational productivity. It can be said that organization is the combination of employees and the performance of the organization depends on the individual performance of employees. Therefore, it is important that the employees should be motivated enough to work with high productivity levels. The organization would be able to achieve its short-term and long-term plans only when it has got a consistent support from employees and it can happen only when employees remain motivated towards their job and responsibilities in the organization. References Daft, R. L. (2013). Management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dion, M., 2012. Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(1), pp.4-24. Legault, M.(2012) Conscious Capitalism: Leaders and Organizations with a World View.Integral Leadership Review. 12(2), p1-9 Plucknette, D. (2014). 4 differences between managers and leaders. Plant Engineering, 68(10), 16-18. Mody, M., Mody, M. (2012). Value based leadership and organizational effectiveness.EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies,2(12), 216-219. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture.Annual Review of Psychology,64(1), 361-388. Trevio, L. K., Brown, M., Hartman, L. P. (2003). A qualitative investigation of perceived executive ethical leadership: Perceptions from inside and outside the executive suite.Human Relations,56(1), 5-37. Reidenbach, R.E. and Robin, D.P., 2013. Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 315-328). Springer Netherlands.

Lovers Dilemma free essay sample

The Lovers Dilemma: We grow, we change, we learn, and we love. For the very habits we fall victim to are indeed the very things that make us uniquely human. The most damning of these habits is undeniably the littermate. The sting of unrequited love weighs heavy on my heart, but it too shall pass. I trust it will. Until then, however, I shall sit in agony, painfully awaiting a belated redress. But, my dear, we cannot wait passively. We must actively seek the tranquility we crave. Its whereabouts are a mystery; One which has evaded philosophers, scientists, and theologies alike. Indeed, I am no exception. I too know not where this mental ease hibernates. He lays quietly, almost tauntingly, undetected by the masses. My heart in his hands, my very being held captive by his grasp. Surely, though, we shouldnt give him this power over us, should we? Ive debated and entertained this personal dialogue ad nauseas, admittedly. We will write a custom essay sample on Lovers Dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we withhold our submission, we may never find him. Alternatively, if we succumb to his incessant demands, we may disrupt his slumber, and engage him on our behalf. But, at what expense? At the expense of this brief existence? Life is short, but sweet for certain. But let us to siphon the nectar out prematurely. No, it must sustain us till our bodies corrode, till our pulses slow, and till the burning love we once shared is completely smothered, a forest ablaze stifled and reduced to mere charred, lifeless woodland. But, if this love is extinguished all too abruptly, without reason or logic and long bettor our bodies nave talented, I can conclude only one startling sentiment Maybe our time has come, sooner than we had anticipated. For, Just as the body is sustained by microinstructions, my soul is sustained by love, and without love it will perish. Without his love, it has perished. And this deductive reasoning affirms the looming truth I can no longer evade My time has come. In my absence, I trust the world will remain adrift, navigating the vast universe, spinning with ceaseless persistence, exploring the galaxy with the reckless abandonment and dangerous optimism of a livestock adolescent. For only now do I realize I was not so different from this earth, for Just as her intentions are government by natures unwavering logic, I too was controlled by an equally compelling, but far more conditional governing body His love.

Taking Community College Classes in High School A Guide

Taking Community College Classes in High School A Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a high school student who is interested in taking classes at a community college? Community college classes can be a great way for high school studentsto take more challenging courses and prepare for college. Read on to learn everything you need to know about community college classes for high school students: the benefits of taking community college classes in high school, when totake them, and how you can start getting enrolled. How Can a High School Student Take Community College Classes? Aren’t community college classes justfor college students? Actually, no. While the primarypurpose of community collegeis to provide an education tocollege students, mostnow alsoofferclasses to people of varying ages and levels of education,from children to senior citizens. Many community colleges allow high school studentsto take certain classes. Sometimes high school studentsare only able to enroll in introductory classes, and they may also be required to submit their high school transcript or a teacher recommendation as proof that they can handle a college-level course. Some high schools have organized programs with community colleges that allow high schoolstudentsto take college classes as a replacement for one or more of their regular high school classes.This is especially common in smaller high schools or those with few advanced or AP course offerings because it lets high school students take challenging classes they wouldn’t have been able to take otherwise. These classes can help high school students strengthen their transcripts and prepare for college. Other times, high school studentschoose to take community college classes without receiving any high school credit; however; they may be able to receive college credit once they enroll in a college or university. What Are the Benefits of Taking Community College Classes inHigh School? Why would a high school studentbe interested in taking community college classes? There are several benefits. Benefit #1: You Can Take More Advanced Classes If your high school doesn’t offer certain advanced classes, taking them at a community college can be a great way to strengthen your transcript.If your high school doesn’t offer many or even any AP classes, you may be concerned that your school's lack of challenging classes will put you behind other students when applying to and starting college. You may also be particularly strong in a certain subject and want to take an advanced course in it, either because you have taken all your high school’s classes in that subject, or they are not challenging enough for you. At my high school, each year, several students who had taken AP Calculus as juniors would take Calculus III at the local community college to gain more math skills and be better prepared for college math classes. Taking these classes at a community college while you are still in high school can help prepare you for college classes and possibly allow you to skip some introductory classes once you get to college. GotCredit/Flickr Benefit #2: They Can Help Your College Application Stand Out Having college classes on your transcript is a great way to strengthen your transcript and your college applications.Your community college classes may be included on your high school transcript, labeledin such a way to show they are college-level classes, or, if not, you can include your community college transcript withyour applications. Taking community college classes in high school shows that you can take initiative, are hard working, and have strong academic skills, which are all qualities colleges like to see in applicants. Benefit #3: You'll Be Better Prepared for College If you are concerned about college or simply want to be better prepared when you set foot on campus, taking classes at a community college is a great way to introduce yourself to the rigor of college-level classes. College classes, even at community colleges, are usually more difficult and faster-paced than high school classes, and by taking one or more in high school, you can be better prepared for university classes. This will likely help you get better grades and feel less stressed as a college student. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Are the Drawbacks to Taking Community College Classes in High School? Though there are major benefits to community college classes for high school students, there are also some drawbacks. Drawback #1: They Can Be Challenging College classes can be quite different from high school classes; they are usually more challenging, faster-paced, and require more homework and studying. If you are not prepared for this, taking a community college class can be very stressful, and you may not get the grade you want. Drawback #2: They May Not Always Be Fulfilling Sometimes,community college classes aren't challenging, in fact, in some cases high school students feel that the community college classes they take are easy, especially when compared to AP or other advanced classes. If you are used to rigorous classes, there's a chance that you will find your community college classes too easy, especially if you are taking introductory classes. This may result in you not learning as much as you'd like to. A good way to reducethe chanceof this happening is to ask the school for asyllabusof the class or classes you are interested in taking. Syllabi will usually include the topics students learn and major assignments, and they can help you get a better idea of what the class will cover and how quickly itwill cover it. Drawback #3: They Can Be Expensive Most students do not have to pay for the classes they take in high school, and it can be difficult to afford the tuition required for college classes.Even though community college classes are typically less expensive than regular 4-year colleges, tuition is still usually at least $100 per credit hour, which means taking one community college class can cost several hundred dollars or more. Sometimes high schools will pay for their students to take community college classes, especiallyif they don't offer a particular class themselves. Ask your academic adviserwhat your school's policy is for covering the costs of community college classes. If they do help with costs, this can save you thousands of dollars! However, if your high school doesn't cover community college costs, be sure to choose your community college classes carefully so you know you are getting the best value for your money. Also, if your high school offers a similar course, such as an AP class, you may want to consider taking that instead. Taking community college classes may meanyou have to pay tuition fees and other expenses. (Tax Credits/Flickr) Read the sections below to learn more about how to make smart decisions when taking community college classes and minimize negative impacts. When Should You Take Community College Classes? You should think carefully about what semester and year you want to enroll in a community college class.It’s recommended that you don’t take community college classes until you are at least a junior in high school. By the time you are an upperclassman, you will likely have had more challenging courses and will be more prepared for college-level classes. If you take a community college class early on in high school, you may find it overwhelming or too challenging. This can cause you to get alow grade that won’t get you many of the benefits listed above. Another important decision is whether to take a community college class during the school year or over the summer. Most community colleges offer both options, though not all courses may be offered each semester.If you are getting high school credit or replacing a high school class, then you will likely take the community college class during the school year. If there are certain times of the year when you are less busy (for example, a semester when you don’t have a sport or have less challenging classes), you may want to take a community class then so that you can spend more time on it.However, if the community college class you are interested in isn’t earning you high school credit or replacing a high school class, it may be easier for you to take it during the summer.Taking a community college class during the summer gives you more time to concentrate on it because you won’t have to balancea full high school course loadat the same time. Don’t try to take a community college class if you are already busy with your high school classes and activities. Taking a college course when you don’t have enough time to put towards it can cause you to feel stressed and overwhelmed, and it may cause you to get a low grade in the class, which won’t do much to help your applications or prepare you for college. It’s also recommended that you start by enrolling inonly one community college class at a time, especially if you are taking it during the school year. This will give you a chance to get used to college classes withoutgetting in over your head. Don't sign up for too many community college classes at once, or else you may find yourself feeling overwhelmed, and your high school grades may drop. How Do You Decide Which Community College Classes to Take? You will want to think carefully about which community college classes to take in order to maximize their usefulness and how much you learn. Although high school students oftencan't sign up for classes until after full-time college students have, you will likely still have a lot of potential class options left to choose from. Read through your community college’s course catalog and think about the following questions to help you choose which courses to take: Consideration #1: Are There Classes YourHigh School Doesn't Offer That You'd Like to Take? Look at your high school’s course catalog and think about the classes you plan to take before you graduate. Is there a particular class you wish you could take but isn’t offered by your high school?This can include advanced classes such as upper-level math classes or AP classes, or it can simply be classes you are interested in but your school doesn’t offer, likecertainforeign language classes or a specialized history course. If so, look to see if your community college offers a course in that subject. Colleges, even community colleges, usually have a wider course selection than high schools, so you may be able to find a class you’re interested in.Often when you take a class you enjoy you’ll get a higher grade in it than a class you don’t find interesting because you are more motivated to study and do the homework. Consideration #2: Which Classes Will Be Useful for College? Another thing to consider when choosing community college classes is which classes will help best prepare you for college.If you already know what you plan on majoring in, then you may want to take classes related to that field of study. For example, if you know you want to be pre-med, check out your community college’s biology or human physiology classes. If you are not sure what you’d like to study in college, almost all majors are required to take at least one math and one writing class, so courses in those subjects will likely be useful later on. However, don’t assume that you will automatically get college credit for the community college classes you take because some colleges have very strict policies about transfer credit. Even if you don’t receive college credit, remember that taking community college classes is still useful because they strengthen your college applications and help you be better prepared for future college classes. Consideration #3: Which Subjects Does Your High School Recommend? Your school may already have a list of community college classes that previous students have taken and enjoyed, and they may also have a list of community college classes that they give credit for or accept as a substitute for a particular high school class. If your high school has recommendations, this can make choosing which coursesto take easier, because you will already have some idea of what classes other students have found useful.This information is also helpful if you are looking to get high school credit for your community college class. Consideration #4: What Prerequisites Are Required? When you see a class you find interesting, check the course description to see if there are any prerequisites or prior knowledge you need to have in order to takethe class.College classes are already more challenging than high school classes, and taking a class you aren’t prepared for on top of that can make it very difficult to get a good grade in the class. In addition to checking prerequisites, you may also want to start by taking introductory classes to ease yourself into college-level courses. These classes usually have the word â€Å"Introduction† or â€Å"Introductory† in their title or have a course number that begins with the number one (such as English 101). Consideration #5: When Are Certain Classes Offered? Logistics are also an important consideration when choosing classes. There may be certain days of the week or months of the year when you have more time to devote to your community college classes. As mentioned above, it’s important to make sure you have enough free time in your schedule before you enroll in a community college course.By choosing classes that fill well in your schedule, you will make your community college experience less stressful and more enjoyable. Looking through yourcalendar may help you decide which community college classes to take. How to Enroll in Community College Classes After you have decided which class you want to take, you need to begin the enrollment process.Before you enroll, talkto your academic adviserat your high school to learn if this class will be included on your transcript or if you will be able to use it to substitute for another course. You may need to provide them with a course description or syllabus to review. You should also ask them if your high school will cover the costs of the class, and, if so, how and when they will do so. Next you need to enroll in the community college. This process varies by school. Some only require you to fill out basic information about yourself, especially if you will only be taking a few classes. Others require the same enrollment process a full-time student attending the school goes through, which may mean filling out an application and submitting test scores. This process can take up to a few weeks, so give yourself enough time to complete it before classes start. Once you are enrolled, you can sign up for the class you want to take. Remember that, as mentioned above, oftentimes high school students have to wait until after current college students have had a chance to select their courses before they are able to sign up forclasses. Almost all community colleges have online enrollment, but you can also usuallysign up by mailing in a form or going to the campus office and selecting your classesin person. At this time, you will likely have to submit your tuition payment.After you sign up for a class, you will be sent information about it. This information usually includes where and when the class meets, what textbooks and other materials you need, and a course syllabus that tells you what topicsthe class will cover. Before the class starts, buy your textbooks and any other materials you need, and make sure you know how to get to the campus.On the first day of class, try to arrive a few minutes early so that you are ready and prepared when your first college class begins.Congratulations, you're now on your way to becoming a college student! Summary Many students have the option of enrolling in classes at a local community college as a way to take a more advanced class or help prepare them for college. You may be able to substitute a community college class for one of your high school classes or get credit for it once you start college. Even though they can be expensive and challenging, taking community college classes while in high school can strengthen your transcript and help you be more prepared for college classes. Wait to take community college classes until you are at least a junior and know you have enough time to devote to the class. To decide which class to take, look over the school’s course catalog, talk to your academic adviser, and think about which classes will be helpful when you go to college. What's Next? Want to know what classes you can take in high school?We have a complete list of high school classes so you can see what your options are. Struggling with a certain class and wondering if you should drop it? We have a guide that willhelp you decide whether to drop a class or notand explains how it will impact your college applications. Trying to decide between community college classes and AP classes?Which one looks better on college applications? Read our guide for a complete overview of both. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction - Example Problem

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction Problem This example problem demonstrates how to find the entropy of reaction from standard molar entropy data on the reactants and products. Entropy is calculated as a change in the level of entropy before and after a chemical reaction. Essentially, it reflects whether the amount of disorder or randomness in the system increased or decreased as a consequence of the reaction. Standard Molar Entropy Change Problem What is the standard molar entropy change of the following reaction? 4 NH3(g) 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) 6 H2O(g)Given:SÂ °NH3 193 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °O2 205 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °NO 211 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °H2O 189 J/KÂ ·mol (Note, in this type of problem youll either be given the molar entropy values of the reactants and products or youll need to look them up in a table.)SolutionThe change in the standard molar entropy of a reaction can be found by the difference between the sum of the molar entropies of the products and the sum of the molar entropies of the reactants.ΔSÂ °reaction ÃŽ £npSÂ °products - ÃŽ £nrSÂ °reactantsΔSÂ °reaction (4 SÂ °NO 6 SÂ °H2O) - (4 SÂ °NH3 5 SÂ °O2)ΔSÂ °reaction (4(211 J/KÂ ·K) 6(189 J/KÂ ·mol)) - (4(193 J/KÂ ·mol) 5(205 J/KÂ ·mol))ΔSÂ °reaction (844 J/KÂ ·K 1134 J/KÂ ·mol) - (772 J/KÂ ·mol 1025 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 1978 J/KÂ ·mol - 1797 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 181 J/KÂ ·molWe can check our work using the techniques introduced in this example problem. The reaction involves all gasses and the number of moles of products is greater than the number of moles of reactants so the expected change in entropy should be pos itive. Answer The standard molar entropy change of the reaction is 181 J/KÂ ·mol.

Human Law and Conscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Law and Conscience - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that conscience can be regarded as a set of moral convictions arising from traditional and spiritual beliefs, which is invoked and defined by the individual himself. Unlike the structural Human Laws, which includes both the civil laws and ecclesiastical laws, conscience is a subjective concept that holds the possibility of implicating total sovereignty over these human laws. Most importantly, the value of human conscience has a direct influence on the individual’s expression of denial or compliance with the human laws. However, the conflict between this individual conscience and human laws is inevitable. Exercising one’s own conscience by involving or refusing to the government that enforces unfair policies is one of the primary right and obligation for any citizen to act upon. There are many scholars and theorists who express the civil disobedience in the light of human conscience. Civil disobedience can be regarded as a nece ssary expression of human conscience and morality towards unjust laws. The concept of the right to resistance has a significant importance when the government policies turn out to be unjust or immortal towards the society. This would help in reconfiguring the laws of the State to make it more equitable and less onerous towards its treatment of the community as a whole. According to Henry David Thoreau, the morality of individual acts can possibly outweigh the consequences of civil disobedience against the severity of the injustice. It can be asserted that acting on civil disobedience does not undermine the power of democracy but it reinforces the values of liberty and deference. In circumstances when the human laws or government policies become an intrusive power, stifling the people’s rights, civil disobedience is acceptable by all means that would recognize the freedom of every individual. Fighting against inequality within a community has to be witnessed through the inborn , unwritten law of one’s conscience rather than inferring from the human laws that actually created it in the first place.